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Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-01-2003 15:17:

Iraq & International Law

this war is an abject illegality. Here is an excellent audio link explaining why, and condemning the media for not pouncing on it.

http://www.webactive.com/cspin/


Posted by Yoepus on Apr-01-2003 16:23:

Re: Iraq & International Law

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
this war is an abject illegality. Here is an excellent audio link explaining why, and condemning the media for not pouncing on it.

http://www.webactive.com/cspin/


I tried to understand why he believes this war is illegal, he argues the folloing:

a. "fundamental international laws [rejects aggressive war]".
b. "War made out of the charter is illegal", "[the] country uses force outside of the charter [which is illegal]"

Now as to one that knows his international laws I answer as following;

a. What fundamental laws? He defines the two acceptable ways to go to war in modernity; 1. either in self defense 2. either with approval of UN Security Council (UNSC from here on).
Then he goes on to state that 2 is even illegal due to "fundamental international laws" which he carefully decides not to state, as if they are just a figminte of his imagination - which I must say seems to be the prevailing theory right now. The only international legality in inter-state modernity affairs comes from the UN, especially if either or both states are members of the UN. No othe "fundamental international laws" exist, where does he get this from??

b. Yes I agree, war made out of the charter unless for reason a. 1. is illegal. But what he selectively cares not to address if the fact that the USA has gone to war with the "legal approval" of the UN. It might be questioned morally and the approach, but regardless resolution 678 (Resolution that authorizes the war http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0678.htm) and 687 (The Peace Treaty to end the first gulf war http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0687.htm). Legally, one can easily argue that the second war is legit because it is simply an extension of the first war which was authorized. Iraq violated the peace, and therefore war endures to ensure peace is re-established. Now on this point one may add resolution 1441 (Entitled "The situation between Iraq and Kuwait" http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.ns...S=S/RES/1441%20(2002)&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC
1441 clearly says Iraq "will face serious consequences" if it does not comply with the resolution. Serious consequences understood as force, as nothing more serious can be done to Iraq.

His arguments are weak, the fact is most international lawyers don't agree with him as he very much implied in his radio statements. He simply brushes them off as "wrong and mislead", however, he should carefully evaluate his illegal justification for war, as many have realized it is not that hard to justify it legal in the context of the UN. Apparenlty the majority this time seems to be right, I guess the rest of the international lawyers in the world are doing their proper jobs in interperting the laws, not like Mr. Ranter who blinds his perceptions by his bias.

As for Mr. Kofi not being addressed - no one seems to care what he said because it has no relevance. The US is like it or not, legally approaching this war, and therefore his statements have no bearing on this case.

Its amazing John, you listen to such radio stations. I love how they bashed Michael Savage "as laughable", "biggot, racist [, and baby killer" and "fanatic conservative" simply since he articulates his views well and has a diverging view point and then looked at their beloved Phil Donahue as a "progressive thinker", "challenging common perceptions" and so on. Phil Donahue was a disgrace, even for liberals, and hearing him portrayed in such manner just shows me that FAIR is actually unFAIR. What they are doing is having an agenda and changing the perception of news to suit that reality, it is a far cry from truth. Screen your ears buddy... get some filters.


Posted by occrider on Apr-01-2003 17:09:

Is war with Iraq legal?

By Barnaby Mason
BBC diplomatic correspondent



Annan says unilateral action would defy UN charter
The question of whether a war on Iraq is legal under international law will become more pressing if the United States and Britain fail to get a new Security Council resolution.
They say the use of force would be legal but the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan says unilateral action taken outside the Security Council would not conform to the UN charter.

The UN charter allows military action in self-defence and that can include a pre-emptive strike - but only if there is an imminent threat.

Few accept that Iraq poses such a threat.

So the question comes back to authorisation by the Security Council.

Even the draft resolution now being debated is not clear-cut on this point; if it fails to pass, the key text is last November's resolution 1441.

'Final opportunity'

That gave President Saddam Hussein a final opportunity to give up weapons of mass destruction.

But as for what would happen if he did not do so, 1441 merely reminded him of the serious consequences threatened in previous resolutions.

It did not authorise member states to use all necessary means to enforce it - the key phrase in Security Council resolution 678 that gave authority for the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991.

The reason 1441 was ambiguous is that France and Russia would not agree to such clarity.


1441 gives Saddam a final chance to disarm
Many experts in international law say the absence of explicit wording means that 1441 does not authorise force.

But some agree with the UK Government that it may rely on previous resolutions that did.

To sum up the argument: the Security Council authorised war to end the occupation of Kuwait; the ceasefire in 1991 was conditional on Iraqi disarmament; so Iraq's failure to disarm revives the authorisation to use force.

This is controversial stuff - and certainly no Security Council resolution authorises toppling Saddam Hussein.


Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-01-2003 17:59:

wow, thanks occrider, good article. have your really changed your mind about the war?

yoepus, i will have a rebuttal post for you later, i'm at work right now.


Posted by JudgeJulez on Apr-01-2003 18:50:

Be Cool!

Kellogg-Briand Pact, anyone?


Posted by occrider on Apr-01-2003 19:06:

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
wow, thanks occrider, good article. have your really changed your mind about the war?

yoepus, i will have a rebuttal post for you later, i'm at work right now.


No ... I'm just stating that this war can't be classified as being illegal ... much like it can't really be classified as being legal. I can't be completely opposite to what I believe in today but I'll lean more towards anti-war until midnight ... (although even if I'm leaning a little more towards anti-war, I'm still firmly in the pro-war ouste saddam camp)

Edit: btw, just cuz I'm pro-war that doesn't mean that I can't be somewhat objective at times


Posted by Yoepus on Apr-01-2003 19:26:

quote:
Originally posted by occrider
No ... I'm just stating that this war can't be classified as being illegal ... much like it can't really be classified as being legal.


I'll agree to this point. It is hard to categorize it as illegal, and a challenge to classify it as legal as well due to specific wording. A case can be made for its legitimacy only using previous historic documents and implying. This legitimate status however is in all fairness in a limbo - and a precedent could be set with it. Currently the precedent is set that it is legit.

I'm still leaning towards the argument of legality, as it makes better sense, but due to lack of precedents it really is up in the air. What is for sure one can't say with overwhelming confidence that the war is "illegal" but to the point of "legal" some questions can be asked and a reasonable argument can be made. As it stands infront of me it is not a question of Legal vs. Illegal, but a question of Legal vs. Limbo.


Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-01-2003 20:00:

This is reminding me of Election 2000.

In any case, i will concede that there is good arguments from both sides that it is both legal and illegal.

but, predictably, i see it as Illegal Vs. Limbo, leaning towards illegal.

Kofi Annan himself has declared it against the UN charter.

Resolution 1441 DELIBERATELY is ambigous, so as to avoid authorizing war without a second resolution. this resolution would never have passed with language specifically authorizing war, it was a concession that the US had to make to appease france at the time, and thought they could later wrangle out of by redefining the words serious consequences.

and as for 678 and 687, i disagree that this can "logically" be an extension of the gulf war. These resolution were passed well over a decade ago, and the situation has changed dramatically. I ask, if 678 and 687 were already in force, then why did the US stop attacking? why did 1441 even need to be passed?

Besides iraq is no longer attacking kuwait, IS disarming, or rather was until the US took inspectors out before beginning to bomb. The inspectors were not able to find anything prohibited whatsoever, with the exception of 16 EMPTY warheads, and 100 or so Al-SamoudII missiles, which were being destroyed when the US suddenly decided to order inspectors out.

Finally, as occrider pointed out, the toppling of saddam, or the more euphemistic term "regime-change" is certainly not authorized anywhere, and that is the stated goal of the US, the one that has been the hardest to swallow for the international community. Even Tony Blair has stated he does not support regime change.

For those reasons, i belive this war illegal.

And, if by some legal wrangling similiar to election 2000 occurs, i fear for the future, when the precedent is set for attacking countries halfway across the world on the grounds of "Pre-emptive Self Defense"

nonetheless the war has already begun, and i suspect that the UN will simply ignore it, instead of specifically making a precedent.


Posted by Arbiter on Apr-01-2003 22:03:

Law only exists insofar as it might be enforced. There is no threat of these laws being enforced upon the United States, hence for all intents and purposes the laws do not exist (at least, within the scope of the present issue).


Posted by Yoepus on Apr-01-2003 22:13:

The Arbiter has spoken and has decided. The matter is settled then.


Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-01-2003 22:43:

while i agree that this is pretty much true i don't think it's right. If we agree that "a law is only a law if it's enforceable" we have completely abandoned democracy, and have gone back to the law of the playground where the biggest bully sets the rules.

I for one, do not accept this point of view, and will continue to speak out against it until the situation is rectified
(or I am silenced by the bully i guess)


Posted by Yoepus on Apr-01-2003 22:51:

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
while i agree that this is pretty much true i don't think it's right. If we agree that "a law is only a law if it's enforceable" we have completely abandoned democracy, and have gone back to the law of the playground where the biggest bully sets the rules.

I for one, do not accept this point of view, and will continue to speak out against it until the situation is rectified
(or I am silenced by the bully i guess)


No I agree with you, but if you are taking this approach where is your forceful condemnation of the SEVERE AND HARSH violation of the French in the internal affairs of the Ivory Coast?

Their actions can not be warranted in any argument that even resembles legitimacy. They clearly violated the very cores of the UN charter. How come Mr. Kofi does not speak out against this? How come now one cries for the hundreds of africans that are dying at the hands of the french daily?

Could it be hypocracy? no... thats odd.


Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-02-2003 00:20:

well, to be completely honest, I am not familiar with the situation in the Ivory Coast. I am aware that many, many injustices have been made against the people of the african continent, and indeed against many of the worlds people, not the least of them, the native people in america and canada.

I agree, these are problems that needs to be solved, and this is precisely what the UN is for. However, not knowing too much about these problems, i keep out of debates on them.

I have only become interested in geopolitical affairs since september 11th, and have only researched the affairs of the middle east, and hence i spoke out about wars in afghanistan, and will continue to speak out against the war in iraq.

As for Kofi Annan being a hypocrite, that is debatable, and i don't have the background to argue either side.


Posted by Arbiter on Apr-02-2003 01:08:

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
while i agree that this is pretty much true i don't think it's right. If we agree that "a law is only a law if it's enforceable" we have completely abandoned democracy, and have gone back to the law of the playground where the biggest bully sets the rules.

I for one, do not accept this point of view, and will continue to speak out against it until the situation is rectified
(or I am silenced by the bully i guess)


The problem with international law is it really doesn't have any source of legitimacy other than each sovereign nation's agreement to abide by it. This does not make for a very stable legal system, as any country can choose to instantly disregard it, and the only way to force them into compliance is with yet another war.

I do think we should aspire to rise above this state of affairs, but I don't think it is realistic to believe that international law presently provides us with a good basis for analyzing the merits or demerits of a sovereign nation's chosen course of action.


Posted by Yoepus on Apr-02-2003 01:14:

quote:
Originally posted by Arbiter
The problem with international law is it really doesn't have any source of legitimacy other than each sovereign nation's agreement to abide by it. This does not make for a very stable legal system, as any country can choose to instantly disregard it, and the only way to force them into compliance is with yet another war.

I do think we should aspire to rise above this state of affairs, but I don't think it is realistic to believe that international law presently provides us with a good basis for analyzing the merits or demerits of a sovereign nation's chosen course of action.


No joke you are an idealist, I'd rather see the soverignty of many countries abiding by a general concenus and fighting it out when one violates the other then be subjected to the tyranny of a one world government.


Posted by rupert on Apr-03-2003 12:25:

quote:
The problem with international law is it really doesn't have any source of legitimacy other than each sovereign nation's agreement to abide by it. This does not make for a very stable legal system, as any country can choose to instantly disregard it, and the only way to force them into compliance is with yet another war.


The fact that a country doesnt recognise a rule of international law does not mean it doesnt apply to them.

Japan did not recognise Geneva Convention in WW2 and many Japanese soldiers got what they deserved at the end of the war for their treatment of allied POW's.

The fact the USA and all the other usual suspects dont recognise the validity of the International War Crimes Tribunal doesnt mean one day their politicians and soldiers wont one day be hauled before it and deservedly punished for their crimes.

Waging a "pre-emptive" war on a country that isnt directly going to attack you is a crime. It is that simple. Although I am sure the punishment that the arabs are going to meet out for this crime against them will be far worse than what the Hague will give.


Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-03-2003 14:45:

Not to mention that the US has passed a law that "authorizes" them to use force if neccesary to avoid having any american soldier arrested by the ICC, or even to "liberate" them from this organization. Can't remember where i heard that, i will find a source later i hope.

It really pisses me off, that the US refuses to participate in this. They are the biggest war criminals around, and not having them a part of this makes the whole great idea of the ICC fall flat on it's face.

it reminds me of the american spin on the patriot act and other such invasions of privacy. "if you aren't doing anything wrong, you have nothing to fear" maybe they should apply that logic to joining the ICC and they will see that they have been doing wrong for a long time.


Posted by biznology on Apr-03-2003 14:51:

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
...

It really pisses me off, that the US refuses to participate in this. They are the biggest war criminals around, and not having them a part of this makes the whole great idea of the ICC fall flat on it's face.

...



so who is going to step up and do something then? protesters? and who is to say that saddam/(other opressive regimes) killing his/their own people any better? would sanctioning the US peacefully change this idea of 'war criminality'? if this is such a big problem than the world better step up and do something! sadly i think too much of the world is so obsessed with a perceived fear of the US they wont|


Posted by Yoepus on Apr-03-2003 16:24:

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
They [US] are the biggest war criminals around, and not having them a part of this makes the whole great idea of the ICC fall flat on it's face.


Hmmm... now why would the US never want to join the ICC? I'm sure it can't be because like minded people such as your sort already believe that the USA is "the biggest war criminal" around and would probably make sure to use the ICC against the US because of this unfounded believe in unproportional context to other alleged-criminals of the world. Nah that surely would not be it - after all its not like any international governing body/organization has been used as a political institution... I've never heard of such a silly thing indeed


Posted by Arbiter on Apr-03-2003 16:37:

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
it reminds me of the american spin on the patriot act and other such invasions of privacy. "if you aren't doing anything wrong, you have nothing to fear" maybe they should apply that logic to joining the ICC and they will see that they have been doing wrong for a long time.


I agree that the two are analagous. That's why I am opposed to both. I don't trust my government with the power to invade my privacy with the patriot act. And likewise, I sure as hell don't trust the ICC to investigate allegations objectively, or to enforce its policies equitably.


Posted by occrider on Apr-03-2003 17:40:

quote:
Originally posted by rupert
The fact the USA and all the other usual suspects dont recognise the validity of the International War Crimes Tribunal doesnt mean one day their politicians and soldiers wont one day be hauled before it and deservedly punished for their crimes.


Did you read my response to renegade when he posted about the "International War Crimes Tribunal"??? NOBODY recognizes the international war crimes tribunal because it's not affiliated with any world body of politics at all!!! It's a hokey organization that took an official sounding name so they can SEEM affilitated with the UN. Take a look at the judges of this "tribunal," they are all left-wing peace activists. They provided no supporting evidence for their "convictions" and they only prosecute the United States! NOBODY else! What does that tell you? What are they gonna do when politicians are hauled in front of them??? Place them under citizen's arrest??? What a joke ...


Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-03-2003 18:06:

quote:
Originally posted by Yoepus
Hmmm... now why would the US never want to join the ICC? I'm sure it can't be because like minded people such as your sort already believe that the USA is "the biggest war criminal" around and would probably make sure to use the ICC against the US because of this unfounded believe in unproportional context to other alleged-criminals of the world.


hmm.. so, your logic distilled is that the US doesn't want to join the ICC, because people might try to prosecute them for their crimes?


Posted by occrider on Apr-03-2003 18:33:

quote:
Originally posted by JohnSmith
hmm.. so, your logic distilled is that the US doesn't want to join the ICC, because people might try to prosecute them for their crimes?


Did anybody even read the reasons why the US is rejecting the ICC? Or is everybody simply passing judgement before they understand the issues at hand?

quote:

The Right Way To End the ICC Impasse
by John C. Hulsman, Ph.D. and Brett D. Schaefer
Executive Memorandum #822


July 8, 2002 | |



The United States incited international furor this week when it vetoed renewal of the mandate for the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina under consideration by the U.N. Security Council. The United States expressed concern that the new International Criminal Court (ICC) would attempt to prosecute U.S. soldiers who participate in the peacekeeping operation even through the United States has not ratified the ICC treaty.

The U.S. veto should come as no surprise to ICC proponents. America's serious objections to the ICC are well-known, and U.S. representatives gave clear warning that it would consider vetoing U.N. peacekeeping operations once the ICC entered into force. President George W. Bush must fulfill his responsibility as Commander in Chief to protect American soldiers and citizens from the threat of spurious prosecution by a court that has no lawful right to try and punish U.S. nationals. Unless a compromise can be forged that satisfies America's deep concerns, U.S. participation in and support for future U.N. peacekeeping operations is uncertain.

To end the impasse, the United States has proposed that the Security Council determine whether individuals serving in a U.N. peacekeeping operation may be brought before the ICC. This position is fully supported by the U.N. Charter, which vests the Council with responsibility for maintaining global peace and security. No single state may authorize a U.N. mission, and no state or group of states can interfere with its activities. Thus, only the Security Council is in a position to determine whether criminal prosecution of peacekeepers by the ICC may be appropriate. Otherwise, the ICC would be in a position to interfere with the Council's authority and obligations enshrined in the U.N. Charter, to which ICC nations are party.

This reasonable approach would allow the United States to veto prosecutions it considers without merit, safeguarding Americans' democratic rights while allowing the United States to continue working with the U.N. on missions around the world. If such a compromise is not forged, the Administration should end U.S. participation in peacekeeping missions.

Source of America's Concern. As an unaccountable legal bureaucracy claiming the authority to arrest, prosecute, and punish nationals from any country who are accused of war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, and the undefined crime of aggression, the ICC invites political manipulation. The United States must protect its citizens from a court that would not observe such basic rights as trial by a jury of one's peers, protection from double jeopardy, and the right to confront one's accusers.

Under accepted norms of international law, the ICC should not even be a U.S. concern, since the United States has not ratified the treaty establishing it. Indeed, President Bush has "unsigned" the Rome Statute, notifying the Secretary General of the United Nations that the United States will not ratify it. A bedrock principle of the international system is that treaties and treaty organizations cannot be imposed on states without their consent. The statute violates international law by claiming that the ICC has authority to prosecute and punish the nationals of countries that are not party to it.

President Bill Clinton waited until the last possible day, December 31, 2000, to sign the statute, expressing grave misgivings over that "flawed" treaty. His reasoning was that America needed a voice in the deliberations over the ICC's structure so that its serious concerns could be properly addressed. But America's efforts to change the ICC's structure were rejected by most of the other nations involved in the negotiations. The threat became very real on July 1, 2002, with the Rome Statute entering into force after the required 60 nations--many of them undemocratic and few having a major role in enforcing international peace--had ratified it.

In May 2002, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations John D. Negroponte explained America's concerns when the U.S. voted to continue the U.N. Mission of Support for East Timor. On June 20, White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer echoed those sentiments, stating that "the United States is very concerned about U.S. forces on U.N. peacekeeping missions, and that they may be subject to politically motivated prosecutions by the ICC." Proponents of the ICC who chose to ignore these warnings professed outrage when the United States followed through on its concerns and acted to protect its citizens on June 30.

The debate is about nothing less than the fundamental question of where ultimate authority lies--with national sovereignty, which holds the only possibility of democratic accountability, or with unaccountable and opaque international bureaucracies that have no direct democratic link to the people over which they claim jurisdiction. Given this question of first principles, President Bush was right to state that the United States would not reauthorize the Bosnia mission. The furor that arose obscures the main imperative: U.S. military personnel must be protected from the possibility of politically manipulated prosecution if the United States is to participate in U.N. peacekeeping missions.

The Way Forward. In an effort to overcome this impasse, the Administration has proposed a 12-month immunity from ICC prosecution for soldiers on U.N. peacekeeping missions who do not represent countries that are party to the Rome Statute. This period would be used to forge a compromise on using the Security Council to arbitrate over potential cases that involve U.N. peacekeepers. The ICC would be able to investigate and prosecute a case against a peacekeeper only if the Security Council were to vote its approval.

This reasonable solution is consistent with the principles outlined in the Rome Statute. By their nature, U.N. peacekeeping operations are not authorized by a single state and are accountable to the Security Council. Its members should be viewed collectively as the authorizing body alone equipped to determine whether a criminal investigation by another international body is appropriate. Such a process, given an American veto possibility, would provide ample opportunity for the United States to protect Americans while participating in and supporting U.N. peacekeeping. If such a sensible compromise is shunned, the Administration should continue to veto renewals of peacekeeping extensions.

Conclusion. It is not in the interests of the United States or the United Nations to perpetuate this impasse. The United States has proposed a reasonable compromise--placing the U.N. Security Council, as the ultimate authorizing body, in a position to determine whether ICC investigation of U.N. peacekeepers is appropriate. If other nations truly believe the international system can enforce justice through the ICC, they should not object to giving the international institution charged with protecting international peace a say in cases that come before it.


Also additional issues at stake include several ambiguous statements in the ICC statute that could force the United States to change its constitution in order to comply. And that is something the US will never do.


Posted by JohnSmith on Apr-03-2003 19:09:

Thanks occrider, interesting read. I think that the compromise is a good one. However, i wonder why the US is the only country that has objections?


quote:
Originally posted by biznology
so who is going to step up and do something then? protesters? and who is to say that saddam/(other opressive regimes) killing his/their own people any better? would sanctioning the US peacefully change this idea of 'war criminality'? if this is such a big problem than the world better step up and do something! sadly i think too much of the world is so obsessed with a perceived fear of the US they wont|


a good question. I like to believe that eventually, the protestors, boycotts, grass roots social movements, international and domestic pressure will have an effect.

quote:

Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has
- Margaret Mead


However, I am not optimistic that this will happen anytime while George Bush is in power, he's simply to arrogant. I have hope for the future though.


Posted by DrUg_Tit0 on Apr-03-2003 20:55:

quote:
Originally posted by occrider
Did you read my response to renegade when he posted about the "International War Crimes Tribunal"??? NOBODY recognizes the international war crimes tribunal because it's not affiliated with any world body of politics at all!!! It's a hokey organization that took an official sounding name so they can SEEM affilitated with the UN. Take a look at the judges of this "tribunal," they are all left-wing peace activists. They provided no supporting evidence for their "convictions" and they only prosecute the United States! NOBODY else! What does that tell you? What are they gonna do when politicians are hauled in front of them??? Place them under citizen's arrest??? What a joke ...


Hmm, last time I checked the war crimes tribunal was set up because of the war when Yugoslavia broke up. Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia are obligated to send suspects to that court. The tribunal also extended it's jurisdiction over Rwanda, as many of their war criminals are there. Politicians have infact been hauled in front of that court, take Milosevic as one example. That court is also affiliated with the UN, because whenever one of the countries here decides it doesn't want to send a suspect there, there's lot of fuss from the UN and the EU. I have noticed two funny things, though. First one is that the US diplomats never fail to express their anger when one of the countries here decides to postpone turning in the suspects. Talking about hypocrisy... The second is that most of the people from every single country that has dealings with that court are convinced that their country is the only one that is being the target of that court. Every time somebody from Serbia/Croatia/Bosnia is against that court, the prime argument is "We are the only ones who are turning our commanders in while all the other countries are protect their generals, even though their generals are criminals and ours aren't." I see US has joined the bunch. Just for the record, there are over 30 people from Serbia sentenced there, about 15 from Bosnia, and about 20 bosnian croats. Also there are a few Rwandan war criminals (a country that commited genocide over 800 000 people and is now a proud member of the coalition), although I don't know how much. So that court isn't only after the US.


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