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Simply put a turntable is a record player with a pitch slider so you can pitch up or down a record - i.e., speed it up or slow it down. Technics makes the industry standard turntable, but you can find quality decks from Stanton and Numark as well. If you get turntables, make sure you get "direct drive" tables as opposed to belt driven. Direct drive means the motor directly drives the platter. They hold a pitch much better, and they last much longer than a belt drive. Belt drives use a rubber belt, and they wear out faster and do not hold a pitch as well. They are cheaper, however.
A CDJ or CD turntable is a CD player that can, but doesn't necessarily, emulate a turntable. Pioneer and Denon are perhaps the most popular, but Pioneer is the industry standard - kinda like Technics in the turntable market. CDJs can offer many more features than turntables, such as the ability to loop, beat counters, and some even have effects built in. With CDJs, you can simply download a track from, say, www.beatport.com or www.audiojelly.com and burn it off to a CD and you're ready to play the latest tracks. Vinyl gets expensive quick, but god is it fun and sexy.
Mixers run the gamut from simple 2 channel battle style mixers to multi channel digital mixers with rotary faders and built in effects. If you plan to have more than 2 turntables or CDJs, be sure to keep this in mind and get a 3 or 4 channel mixer. I've only used a little 2 channel Numark, so I can't offer you advice on mixers other than to say that reading previous threads here will point you in the right direction.
For headphones, nearly everyone will recommend the Sony 7506 series. I have not personally used these "cans," but a lot of the people here have, and I trust their input. I have Staton DJ Pro 2000s, and other than being a bit heavy, they are great phones. They're really a matter of personal preference, but don't forget they are a VERY important investment.
Good luck. 
P.S. You might want to get a free copy of Virtual DJ and practice mixing some downloaded tracks. This was a great help to me before I invested in my turntables and vinyl. It will help you understand how tracks are structured and how to blend tracks with proper phrasing. Plus it's just fun as hell when you're beginning.
Last edited by Zoso on Aug-23-2007 at 11:59
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