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Subtractive synths are based on getting certain sounds from an oscillator and then filtering certain frequencies out of them, thats why they're SUBTRACTIVE. But there are other kinds of synths as well: FM, granular and additive are all examples, you can look them up on wikipedia. I'm not familiar with predator or Morphine, so I don't know what they are exactly.
As for whether there is a need for more than one type of synth, it very much depends on what your doing. You can certainly make a track with only 1 type, but you'll have more sounds at your disposal with more. Also, many synths integrate more than one kind of synthesis, even mainly subtractive synths like the nord lead 3 have some FM features these days. A synth like absynth can handle subtractive, granular and some limited FM, but full FM requires a matrix and is very difficult to program, so very few synths are "true" FM synths.
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