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D-res
Hangin from Sagan's uvula



Registered: May 2004
Location: Milwaukee, WI
Principle of Alternative Possibilities...For the Philosophy/Morality dorks among us.

The Principle of Alternative Possibilities states that one is morally responsible for their actions *only if* they could do otherwise. For example, it would state you're not morally responsible for, say, kicking a puppy if someone holds a gun to your head and says "kick that fuckin' puppy!" because, at least logically, you have no other choice but to kick said puppy. The principle is associated with the proposition that coercion excuses moral responsibility in that when one is coerced to do something, their freedom to act otherwise is taken away, which I can't say I necessarily agree with. ANYway...

Harry Frankfurt speaks in his essay "Alternate Possibilities & Moral Responsibility" on this idea. Throughout, he shows how he feels the principle is ultimately false, but I'm not going to get into that; At least not right now...

In the beginning of his essay he brings up 4 different Jones'. Think of each Jones as a different individual with completely different personalities, wills, world-views etc.

-> Jones1 is a strong-willed individual and can make up his own mind. Someone come along and threatens him with some consequence unless he does precisely what the issuer of the threat says. In this case however Jones1 has already decided on his own to do the same action that the issuer of the threat asks him to do before being threatened, thus rendering the threat meaningless. It has no effect whatsoever on what Jones1 decides to do.

-> Jones2 is a very weak-willed individual. He gives into the slightest bit of pressure regardless of how he decides beforehand. Someone comes along and threatens him with something he finds unacceptable and he gives into the threat.

-> Jones3 is neither scared by the threat nor indifferent to it. He is "impressed" by it so that if he had not already made his mind up to do some action that coincided with the threat, the threat would coerce him to act in that way. It wasn't the threat that made him act a certain way, although he would have acted that way had he not already provided himself enough reason to do so. (Lets assume for the sake of discussion you can tell that he's acting from his own decision-making as it would be hard to distinguish in reality what the actual motivating factor is).

-> Jones4 knows a person called Black. Black has an agenda which includes an act he wants Jones4 to perform. Black will go to any length to ensure that Jones4 follows through with what Black wants but Black will only intervene if Jones4 decides to act in a way opposed to Black's wishes. Jones decides on his own to perform the action that Black wants without any notion of a threat from Black, if Jones4 is so inclined to act otherwise.




yay! visual aid:

X = Applies, O = Does not apply



My point of discussion is obviously to agree or disagree with anything posted or if you can think of any cases where, perhaps one is causally efficacious and morally responsible but has no other possibilities or where one is causally efficacious and there are alternate possibilities but one isn't morally responsible.

Discuss plz.

Last edited by D-res on Nov-08-2007 at 13:29

Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:06  United States
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Lira
Ancient BassAddict



Registered: Nov 2001
Location: Brasilia, Brazil

Can you give us a link to his essay? I just found this e-print, but it's not purchasable


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Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:13  Brazil
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D-res
Hangin from Sagan's uvula



Registered: May 2004
Location: Milwaukee, WI

quote:
Originally posted by Lira
Can you give us a link to his essay? I just found this e-print, but it's not purchasable


I feel bad, what with it being copyrighted and all...


[[ LINK REMOVED ]]

Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:28  United States
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Moral Hazard
Oppressing the 99%



Registered: Mar 2005
Location: with the 1%

I think the argument is flawed in that it presupposes that once a threat is made the threatened individual no longer has a choice. This is incorrect, the threatened person has a choice; they can choose to commit the immoral act or they can choose to risk having the threat executed. The moral choice would be to abstain from the immoral action and risk the execution of the threat. I find it funny that people are rarely willing to accept that some times maintaining one's moral or otherwise personal convictions has consequences and often involves sacrafice.


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you're just a shit version of Moral Hazard. At least he knows what he's talking about.

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lol, i love it when moral feels the need to lay the smack down

Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:30  Canada
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Lira
Ancient BassAddict



Registered: Nov 2001
Location: Brasilia, Brazil

quote:
Originally posted by D-res
I feel bad, what with it being copyrighted and all...


[[ LINK REMOVED ]]

True that, I'm used to stuff being in the public domain, sorry

(By the way, can any of you use megaupload? It says there's no bandwidth for non-premium users You can take the file down if you prefer, by the way)


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Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:36  Brazil
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Lira
Ancient BassAddict



Registered: Nov 2001
Location: Brasilia, Brazil

quote:
Originally posted by Moral Hazard
I think the argument is flawed in that it presupposes that once a threat is made the threatened individual no longer has a choice. This is incorrect, the threatened person has a choice; they can choose to commit the immoral act or they can choose to risk having the threat executed. The moral choice would be to abstain from the immoral action and risk the execution of the threat. I find it funny that people are rarely willing to accept that some times maintaining one's moral or otherwise personal convictions has consequences and often involves sacrafice.

That was my first impression as well, reason why I'd like to read the real thing. I don't think his argument is that weak... at least, I'd rather believe it isn't


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Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:38  Brazil
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D-res
Hangin from Sagan's uvula



Registered: May 2004
Location: Milwaukee, WI

quote:
Originally posted by Moral Hazard
I think the argument is flawed in that it presupposes that once a threat is made the threatened individual no longer has a choice. This is incorrect, the threatened person has a choice; they can choose to commit the immoral act or they can choose to risk having the threat executed. The moral choice would be to abstain from the immoral action and risk the execution of the threat. I find it funny that people are rarely willing to accept that some times maintaining one's moral or otherwise personal convictions has consequences and often involves sacrafice.


I agree the Principle is flawed in that respect however I feel it's not necessarily about not having the ability to choose otherwise, but rather, choosing otherwise could be illogical depending on the circumstances, which are endless.

If you're presented with the option of killing one person or have your whole family slaughtered, the logical choice would be to simply kill the one person, although this of course delves into individual morality and will.

If a person doesn't give a shit about their family, however one threatens them with the death of their family, unknowing of their careless attitude and then attempts to coerce the person into killing their friend to save their family, you run into a wall. The person who cares little or none about their family sees saving their friend as the logical choice, even if say, their friend is a deaf, blind, quadriplegic who contributes nothing to society. The utilitarian would beg that they just off the cripple, but I seem to be getting into a whole 'nother ballpark.

Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:40  United States
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D-res
Hangin from Sagan's uvula



Registered: May 2004
Location: Milwaukee, WI

quote:
Originally posted by Lira
True that, I'm used to stuff being in the public domain, sorry

(By the way, can any of you use megaupload? It says there's no bandwidth for non-premium users You can take the file down if you prefer, by the way)


works fine for me, I'm not premium. Just type in the 3 letters, wait for the 40-odd seconds to count down and you should be all set.

Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:42  United States
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Lira
Ancient BassAddict



Registered: Nov 2001
Location: Brasilia, Brazil

quote:
Originally posted by D-res
If you're presented with the option of killing one person or have your whole family slaughtered, the logical choice would be to simply kill the one person, although this of course delves into individual morality and will.

Not really.

Let's suppose, in this scenario, that if you don't kill an individual, your whole family is annihilated by someone else. The fact that someone else decided to exterminate your family is not a decision of yours, so it's illogical to believe the fault would fall upon you and that your action will have a direct impact on this.

The person who's threatening you could be lying: your family might not get killed even if you don't give in to the threats, and your family could be slaughtered in spite your obedience.


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Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:45  Brazil
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Lira
Ancient BassAddict



Registered: Nov 2001
Location: Brasilia, Brazil

quote:
Originally posted by D-res
works fine for me, I'm not premium. Just type in the 3 letters, wait for the 40-odd seconds to count down and you should be all set.

It probably works only in North America

Edit: w00t! 


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Last edited by Lira on Nov-08-2007 at 13:57

Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:46  Brazil
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D-res
Hangin from Sagan's uvula



Registered: May 2004
Location: Milwaukee, WI

quote:
Originally posted by Lira
Not really.

Let's suppose, in this scenario, that if you don't kill an individual, your whole family is annihilated by someone else. The fact that someone else decided to exterminate your family is not a decision of yours, so it's illogical to believe the fault would fall upon you and that your action will have a direct impact on this. The person who's threatening you could be lying: your family might not get killed even if you don't give in to the threats, and your family could be slaughtered in spite your obedience.


But if you refuse to follow through and your family dies would you not feel guilt and is to be guilty not to be morally responsible?

Old Post Nov-08-2007 13:57  United States
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UWM
mandroid



Registered: Mar 2001
Location: Here

sonix would not approve of Jones4 being named Black.

Old Post Nov-08-2007 14:20 
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