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Well actually, there isn't a great deal holding the two seperate sides of the brain together, and indeed seperating the fibres (so that you're left, effectively, with the two sides being entirely seperate) has been used as a partial cure for epilepsy among other things.
So far as I can remember, people remain "fully conscious" after the operation (so they are not any less "intelligent" than before they went in), but can often have severe problems with memory and association (i.e. they would be shown a picture of a horse, but be unable to "conceptualise" it and identify it unless someone told them what it was). Also, when given a picture to draw having their two neural hemispheres seperated, they would only draw half, or part of the picture, and not realise without having it pointed out to them.
Then, if one half of the brain is defective or unoperational (i.e. in the case of brain tumours, dementia and so on) the other side of the brain begins to learn the tasks usually performed by the afflicted side of the brain (as the different sides usually perform different functions). So, if you were to split a human right down the middle and "hypothetically" keep them alive (I doubt it would be possible though) then you would have two halves of the brain entirely independant of the other (as opposed to partially independant in the case of the epilsepsy operation) and thus, effectively, have two seperate people, each with their own unique consciousness (although, I'm sure that they would share some common characteristics) and even though each side of the brain normally only peforms the functions specific to it, they can learn new tasks, and eventually, perhaps become fully conscious, and thus - instead of the divided body being considered "two halves" - perhaps they will attain a consciousness of their own and essentially constitute two seperate people, where originally there was only one.
So I think all that is right, but my knowledge of neurology is, understandably, a tad sketchy. 
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