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Ok... Let's say you are producing a track in C Major
The notes that are in C Major are
C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J... etc...
j/k 
it would be
C, D, E, F, G, A, B
Now.. each chord has a root note... and guess what that note is in C Major... C!!! duh... anyways... with each note, there is a chord associated with it that uses the root note, the note three notes above, and the note that's five notes above... (I III V)
In this case, a C chord in C Major would be C E G (uses all the notes in C Major)... which would be a C Major chord...
Now let's take for example an A chord in C Major... It would use the following notes (A C E) which would be a minor chord...
here's a brief summary of all the chords you would find in C Major
I / C major / C E G
II / D Minor / D F A
III / E Minor / E G B
IV / F Major / F A C
V / G Major / G B D
VI / A Minor / A C E
VII / B Minor b5 / B D F
note: the last chord is usually not used by itself but rather as V7
which is G B D F instead of B D F
The key that uses the same notes as C Major but is in Minor key would be A Minor
Minor keys come in several different flavours
Natural:
A B C D E F G
Melodic:
A B C D E F# G#
Harmonic:
A B C D E F G#
*note melodic and harmonic actually adds a semitone to the 6th/7th note making it sharp
Try playing this in the piano roll, you'll hear the difference between the different minor keys
As with the major keys, you can use the notes of these to form various different chords which I won't go through again
Now back to the Major Key... Let's say you want to make a melody that doesn't suck...
Basically, the easiest way to come up with melodies is to take both Major and Minor chords, somehow fit them together, and then take out some of the notes from those chords
for example:
C Major, A Minor, F Major, G Major
C G /C A /C F /D G
you could use let's say 2 notes from each chord
C G A B/ A C B G/ C F A C/ A B G D
and come up with some melody like this.. (note... you do NOT have to use all the notes from the chord.. but rather the chords are a guideline for placing down notes... using one or two notes from the chord is enough)
damn... all that typing.. gotta get back to studying and stop my procrastination from work
hope that helped
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