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Dj Thy
Deckhead

Registered: May 2001
Location: Belgium, Earth
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| quote: | Originally posted by auujay
I have always assumed these sorts of things were basicly compressors. I am really curious whay Thy or some other audio engineer has to say about these types of things and what they are really doing to the signal. I wonder if I could get a similar effect by simply compressing my mixes after I record them within software (of course this would only work for recorded CDs, not playing out)? |
Someone called for me? 
Difficult matter : exciters, sonic maximizers.
But one thing is for sure, the 40 dB to 118 dB S/N ratio isn't right.
Basically exciters do one thing. They try to add sparkle or oomf to sound.
You'll say, I can use EQ for that. If I want sparkle, I'll boost the high frequencies, if I want body, I'll boost low frequencies. The only problem is, you'll also boost unwanted signal : the noise will come up too. Plus you got another inconvenient, you'll have much level gain. If you boost bass for example. Most of you know that in music, low frequencies take up most of the energy in music. Boost that, and you'll boost that energy too. Your signal will get louder, possibly overloading the next step in the signal chain. Not good.
So, here come the exciters. The most common exciter, is basically an harmonics generator (harmonics being multiples of the fundamental frequencies). In purely accoustic nature, most sound sources have fairly low fundamental frequencies. But some sources appear to be brighter/sparklier than others. That's just because those sources have a ratio of harmonics that's more into upper harmonics.
Well exciters do basically this : they analyse the signal, and try to generate harmonics from that. This will result in a brighter signal. Same goes for the lower harmonics generators (like Aphex' Big Bottom), but they generate frequencies that are lower than the fundamentals.
The advantages of those systems are, they don't really boost the noise (well there will still be some extra noise due to the machine itself, etc...), they just generate new frequencies that weren't there. The second advantage is, since those generated frequencies are in the upper frequency range, their energy isn't that big, so you can go pretty far without really adding much level (the gain in loudness is more subjective than physical).
The biggest problem with those devices are : you add some, it sounds great. You add more, it sounds even better. You add even more, and you got the best sound in the world. You come back after some hours/days, and it sounds terrible, unnatural. Why? Because your ears adapt pretty quickly to that "new" situation. In the end, you always start with the wrong reference. If your ears have rested, they will hear the sound in it's "real" context : too much processing, unnatural and harsh. So the obvious rule here is, use with extreme caution.
Ok, this is the basic working principle of exciters. As those are patented, manufacturers try to find other ways to get similar results. That's what BBE has actually done. That whole rephasing stuff... To get certain frequency components back in phase (I'll point you to the fact that only waves with identical frequency can be in or out of phase), will result in basically the same thing : tighter bass and hi frequencies, without much level gain.
The sound gets less dull.
Now, about the S/N ratio mumbojumbo. You can increase that A LITTLE with expanders and noise gates, but either with a full mix you won't gain much in audio quality, and you are still limited to the intrinsic S/N ratio of the "worst" machine in the chain. Taking a quick look at the manual of the BBE device, you'll see that it's S/N is -92 dBu. So your claim that it boosts the S/N to 118 dB... You can take your conclusions.
Either way, if this kind of device existed (a device able to gain so much S/N), they'd sell millions and get rich instantly.
But think about it. You say the S/N of a vinyl is 60 dB (I'm ok with this). If you think about it, it means the complete mix will be compressed to have a dynamic range of less than 60 dB (otherwise the quietest parts of the mix would be drowned in the noise). Let's say the noise floor gets reduced to -90 dB (theoretically 16 bits means approx 96 dB, in reality, most cd players still have an S/N below 90 dB). The mix would still have roughly 60 dB of dynamics. Your *useful* signal won't have gained a lot.
Compare it to a bucket. You take a bucket of 10 liters (medium), and fill it with 10 liters of water (signal). Now you take a bucket with a capacity of 100L, and pour the other bucket in it. Unless there's some kind of magic or Jesus involved, I think you would still have 10L of water, only in a better medium. I'm sorry to blow your balloon, but a device that's able to "decompress" full mixes (or even compressed individual instruments) doesn't exist. If it would, it would make A LOT of mastering engineers happy.
To make it easier for the read, part two in a second reply...
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Mar-19-2004 21:23
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