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As others have said the little ball is called a 'widget' and causes the large head via the use of nitrogen, much like the draught Guinness where a mixture of co2 and nitrogen is used to serve the beer, whereas in a normal keg beer only co2 is used.
Using nitrogen in this way actually seriously damages the beer and kills the flavour and mouthfeel. Guinness, especially when served in this way is no better than Budweiser etc.
Despite the common misconception that Guinness is 'heavy and strong', the beer actually has less alcohol in it than Bud Light, Coors Light, Miller Lite or Natural Light.
The only versions of Guinness that I like are the Nigerian brewed Foreign Extra Stout and the Irish brewed Foreign Extra stout that is only sold in the Belgian market by John Martin.
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