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DigiNut
You kids get off my lawn!



Registered: Dec 2002
Location: Toronto, Self-proclaimed Centre of the Universe

I can try, but I learned harmony formally through several months of theory classes, and probably picked up a little from many years of instrumental music. The trouble with harmony and counterpoint is that it's almost like a science, there's a lot of terminology and definitions and notation to learn and not much of a step-by-step process to follow. Unless one already knows the basic theory (called rudiments in the stuffy academic circles), a tutorial might be totally incoherent.

Maybe it would be more useful if I searched for existing tutorials rather than reinventing the wheel. There are a lot of basic theory tutorials in the master list but probably not a lot on the more advanced topics, so I'll see if I can remedy that for those that are interested. I'm sure they're out there, they just have to be found and filtered. If people still aren't happy with what I find, maybe I can try to understand what's confusing and write some supplementary material or just answer common questions.

Even so, keep in mind that harmony's taught as a full semester course in most universities that have music programs - in two or three levels, to boot. I only ever took the first class, so I'm actually not an expert on the theory, but I have the advantage of knowing what -doesn't- sound good from many years of orchestras and the like, so I can always resort to trial-and-error if I'm truly stuck. Not exactly a practice I'm proud of or would ever recommend to others, but that is sometimes how I end up cobbling together harmonies.


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Old Post Feb-15-2007 02:17  Canada
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kitphillips
is actually a guy.



Registered: May 2006
Location: Sydney, Australia

I'm curious about some of the more advanced theory, like what people mean when they talk about the supertonic etc... Does anyone know a good book to use a a reference for these things, also chord structure and modes etc.

Old Post Feb-15-2007 07:12  Australia
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Derivative
Bipolar Bear



Registered: Jun 2004
Location: Dublin

Supertonic is just another name for a major 2nd. Mediant would be a major 3rd. Dominant would be the 5th. I mentioned this in a tutorial I wrote for the Tutorial Master List - check the sticky.

Ever notice how rock music has steadily been going with 5ths? Most rock music subsists on the same basic chords but the more distortion you pile on your guitar and the faster you are chugging chords the less you can get away with adding more orders of harmony in small intervals. Its possibly one reason why you never see huge 11th and 13th chords in hardcore punk. I've tried working big chords into rhythym based music and I found that there was an unavoidable conflict of interest here.

Also when I mean slower I don't mean in terms of tempo. Thats completely different. I mean in terms of intervals. I think Trance is necessarily fast - not in bpm terms but in terms of the little notes and arps. You can get away with alot of monophonic instruments playing 1/8ths and 1/16ths. I think Hardcore is actually kind of slow - its fast in bpm terms but you can't get away with 1/16th arps very often at 170+ bpm. There are of course exceptions to the rule (Spinback & Storm - Your Love [Underground Recordings] for instance) but thats why I find them interesting.

The more orders of harmony you add to a root, the longer the interval needs to be or it sounds completely messed up. I think people have a different idea of what Trance is and that includes having long, harmonically rich pads dominate a mix. But I think doing that detracts from the kinetic energy that is so important for Trance music. I would love for someone to prove this wrong and it just gets back to the most interesting thing about understanding the theory - watching people go against the grain, break the rules and still come off with an awesome song.

Old Post Feb-15-2007 10:46  Ireland
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Seppa
Junior tranceaddict



Registered: Feb 2007
Location: London

Sounds Good Digi, Looking forward to it

Derivative: to verify what you're saying, I'm gonna have to understand and try. And maybe who knows it might just work out fine, but that's a real long shot.

Thank you all for showing so much interest!!!!!

Old Post Feb-15-2007 13:21  France
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Enigmatic XTC
Supreme tranceaddict



Registered: Jun 2006
Location: seein' somewhere i don't wanna be

I agree with digi that you aren't going to be able to learn harmonic theory very well from a tutorial. Especially if you don't know the basics of chord structure and inversions. I learned theory through 4 semesters of college theory courses and years of playing in concert bands and working on composition. My suggestion would be to take an intro to theory course somewhere. If you are already in school, sign up for one. If not, single courses aren't too expensive at community colleges and it will help you a lot. Learning at least the basics of music theory will help speed up your composition process by quite a bit.


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Old Post Feb-15-2007 20:49  United States
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Enigmatic XTC
Supreme tranceaddict



Registered: Jun 2006
Location: seein' somewhere i don't wanna be

quote:
Originally posted by Derivative
Supertonic is just another name for a major 2nd. Mediant would be a major 3rd. Dominant would be the 5th. I mentioned this in a tutorial I wrote for the Tutorial Master List - check the sticky.

Ever notice how rock music has steadily been going with 5ths? Most rock music subsists on the same basic chords but the more distortion you pile on your guitar and the faster you are chugging chords the less you can get away with adding more orders of harmony in small intervals. Its possibly one reason why you never see huge 11th and 13th chords in hardcore punk. I've tried working big chords into rhythym based music and I found that there was an unavoidable conflict of interest here.

Also when I mean slower I don't mean in terms of tempo. Thats completely different. I mean in terms of intervals. I think Trance is necessarily fast - not in bpm terms but in terms of the little notes and arps. You can get away with alot of monophonic instruments playing 1/8ths and 1/16ths. I think Hardcore is actually kind of slow - its fast in bpm terms but you can't get away with 1/16th arps very often at 170+ bpm. There are of course exceptions to the rule (Spinback & Storm - Your Love [Underground Recordings] for instance) but thats why I find them interesting.

The more orders of harmony you add to a root, the longer the interval needs to be or it sounds completely messed up. I think people have a different idea of what Trance is and that includes having long, harmonically rich pads dominate a mix. But I think doing that detracts from the kinetic energy that is so important for Trance music. I would love for someone to prove this wrong and it just gets back to the most interesting thing about understanding the theory - watching people go against the grain, break the rules and still come off with an awesome song.

I agree that trying to move through chords too quickly doesn't work. But i believe that this is one reason that trance would work well with harmony, because the chords in trance generally don't change very fast. Sure you aren't going to play a full chord on every 16th in an arp, but by underlying the arp with whole notes of other chord tones you can harmonize without muddying the track with too many fast notes.


___________________
quote:
Originally posted by Idoru
I'm cooler than you plus i give better head
i swallow

It is easier for a man to destroy the light inside himself
than to defeat the darkness all around him
www.myspace.com/enigmaticecstasy

Old Post Feb-15-2007 20:52  United States
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Enigmatic XTC
Supreme tranceaddict



Registered: Jun 2006
Location: seein' somewhere i don't wanna be

quote:
Originally posted by Derivative
Supertonic is just another name for a major 2nd. Mediant would be a major 3rd. Dominant would be the 5th. I mentioned this in a tutorial I wrote for the Tutorial Master List - check the sticky.

Ever notice how rock music has steadily been going with 5ths? Most rock music subsists on the same basic chords but the more distortion you pile on your guitar and the faster you are chugging chords the less you can get away with adding more orders of harmony in small intervals. Its possibly one reason why you never see huge 11th and 13th chords in hardcore punk. I've tried working big chords into rhythym based music and I found that there was an unavoidable conflict of interest here.

Also when I mean slower I don't mean in terms of tempo. Thats completely different. I mean in terms of intervals. I think Trance is necessarily fast - not in bpm terms but in terms of the little notes and arps. You can get away with alot of monophonic instruments playing 1/8ths and 1/16ths. I think Hardcore is actually kind of slow - its fast in bpm terms but you can't get away with 1/16th arps very often at 170+ bpm. There are of course exceptions to the rule (Spinback & Storm - Your Love [Underground Recordings] for instance) but thats why I find them interesting.

The more orders of harmony you add to a root, the longer the interval needs to be or it sounds completely messed up. I think people have a different idea of what Trance is and that includes having long, harmonically rich pads dominate a mix. But I think doing that detracts from the kinetic energy that is so important for Trance music. I would love for someone to prove this wrong and it just gets back to the most interesting thing about understanding the theory - watching people go against the grain, break the rules and still come off with an awesome song.

I agree that trying to move through chords too quickly doesn't work. But i believe that this is one reason that trance would work well with harmony, because the chords in trance generally don't change very fast. Sure you aren't going to play a full chord on every 16th in an arp, but by underlying the arp with whole notes of other chord tones you can harmonize without muddying the track with too many fast notes.


___________________
quote:
Originally posted by Idoru
I'm cooler than you plus i give better head
i swallow

It is easier for a man to destroy the light inside himself
than to defeat the darkness all around him
www.myspace.com/enigmaticecstasy

Old Post Feb-15-2007 20:52  United States
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substorm
Onova|2007



Registered: Jun 2005
Location: Tranceland

IIIII DONT KNOW WHAT WE ARE YELLING ABOUT!!!!!!!!!! LOOOOOOOUD NOISES!!!


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Old Post Feb-15-2007 21:46  Sweden
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kitphillips
is actually a guy.



Registered: May 2006
Location: Sydney, Australia

quote:
Originally posted by Derivative
Supertonic is just another name for a major 2nd. Mediant would be a major 3rd. Dominant would be the 5th. I mentioned this in a tutorial I wrote for the Tutorial Master List - check the sticky.

Ever notice how rock music has steadily been going with 5ths? Most rock music subsists on the same basic chords but the more distortion you pile on your guitar and the faster you are chugging chords the less you can get away with adding more orders of harmony in small intervals. Its possibly one reason why you never see huge 11th and 13th chords in hardcore punk. I've tried working big chords into rhythym based music and I found that there was an unavoidable conflict of interest here.

Also when I mean slower I don't mean in terms of tempo. Thats completely different. I mean in terms of intervals. I think Trance is necessarily fast - not in bpm terms but in terms of the little notes and arps. You can get away with alot of monophonic instruments playing 1/8ths and 1/16ths. I think Hardcore is actually kind of slow - its fast in bpm terms but you can't get away with 1/16th arps very often at 170+ bpm. There are of course exceptions to the rule (Spinback & Storm - Your Love [Underground Recordings] for instance) but thats why I find them interesting.

The more orders of harmony you add to a root, the longer the interval needs to be or it sounds completely messed up. I think people have a different idea of what Trance is and that includes having long, harmonically rich pads dominate a mix. But I think doing that detracts from the kinetic energy that is so important for Trance music. I would love for someone to prove this wrong and it just gets back to the most interesting thing about understanding the theory - watching people go against the grain, break the rules and still come off with an awesome song.


Ah thanks, I seem to keep missng stuff in the stickies! We should start a sticky though on good books on theory and trance though, would be a useful resource for everyone...

Old Post Feb-16-2007 10:42  Australia
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Derivative
Bipolar Bear



Registered: Jun 2004
Location: Dublin

quote:
Originally posted by Enigmatic XTC
I agree that trying to move through chords too quickly doesn't work. But i believe that this is one reason that trance would work well with harmony, because the chords in trance generally don't change very fast. Sure you aren't going to play a full chord on every 16th in an arp, but by underlying the arp with whole notes of other chord tones you can harmonize without muddying the track with too many fast notes.


Oh you can do that. But it will destroy headroom. What often happens is that you have lead lines playing monophonic but in harmony with the bassline (which is often root). But the more harmonisation you have, the less room in the mix you have for everything else.

Usually the two most dominant elements in a trance tune are the bass drum and bassline and these both consume masses of headroom so its difficult to keep adding layers of harmony - especially if the basslines are based on unfiltered saw waves (harmonically rich) and the bassline is a composite of loads of different sounds and the result is unfiltered (i.e. some of those massive Alphazone style kicks).

Jaia - Breathing Ocean is a good example of the former but its not harmonically complex by any means.

In modern composition this is less of a problem because you often do not have bass drums and bass instruments with so much amplitude behind them that they drown out everything else.

Another interesting thing. Try looking at how Indian music is made - particular Sitar based music - it doesn't use scales at all, but Ragas which are like scales but are based on moods and times of day. So its all synaesthetic. Sitar based music is almost exclusively comprised of melody and rhythym. There is often a drone accompaniment but there is very little harmonisation. Goa trance most obviously derives its style from Indian ragas and early trance does in many ways too.

At some point Trance (particular European trance music) began to become more focused on harmonisation and this is the point where I lose interest and where Trance began to have these huge breakdowns in order to get these lush string sections and pads in. I think its a conflict of interest because when a Trance tune breaks down for any significant length of time, you lose that kinetic energy that the song is building up. For that reason I also think that Trance is necessarily progressive.

In terms of harmonisation you should look at some modern compositions such as Ralph Vaughan Williams - The Lark Ascending. This is not characteristic of much of the man's work and it is one of his short peices. His symphonies are very different. The Lark Ascending has several movements which alternate between a solo violin and these wonderful harmonized string sections. The solo violin is played very fast and if you listen to it you can imagine a fledgling Lark trying (and failing) to take flight. It sounds alot like traditional Chinese music based on the Erhu and the time signitures and speed of the performance fit with that idea too. It does sound oriental in a way.

You can try to snatch some of the strings and stick a bassline and bass drum over them but something has to give. An obvious western example of doing this would be Reflekt - Need to Feel Loved which you have probably heard. That song steals the string section from a film called Road to Perdition but if you run it through a spectrum analyser and compare the sound of it to the film soundtrack you realise a few things:

1) Need to Feel Loved is noticeably quieter than most other Positiva tunes.
2) The string section has been band passed filtered and sounds it in order for the bassline and bass drum to fit.
3) If you listen to some of the remixes of this tune (I think Thrillseekers did one) then you may notice that the string section has an even narrower band bass filter on it or more of the string section has been EQed out. This is because many of the remixes have additional lead instruments, bigger kick drums and louder basslines and theres just no way you can fit all of that in without something having to give way.

Last edited by Derivative on Feb-16-2007 at 13:22

Old Post Feb-16-2007 12:55  Ireland
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Enigmatic XTC
Supreme tranceaddict



Registered: Jun 2006
Location: seein' somewhere i don't wanna be

quote:
Originally posted by Derivative
Oh you can do that. But it will destroy headroom. What often happens is that you have lead lines playing monophonic but in harmony with the bassline (which is often root). But the more harmonisation you have, the less room in the mix you have for everything else.

Usually the two most dominant elements in a trance tune are the bass drum and bassline and these both consume masses of headroom so its difficult to keep adding layers of harmony - especially if the basslines are based on unfiltered saw waves (harmonically rich) and the bassline is a composite of loads of different sounds and the result is unfiltered (i.e. some of those massive Alphazone style kicks).

Jaia - Breathing Ocean is a good example of the former but its not harmonically complex by any means.

In modern composition this is less of a problem because you often do not have bass drums and bass instruments with so much amplitude behind them that they drown out everything else.

Another interesting thing. Try looking at how Indian music is made - particular Sitar based music - it doesn't use scales at all, but Ragas which are like scales but are based on moods and times of day. So its all synaesthetic. Sitar based music is almost exclusively comprised of melody and rhythym. There is often a drone accompaniment but there is very little harmonisation. Goa trance most obviously derives its style from Indian ragas and early trance does in many ways too.

At some point Trance (particular European trance music) began to become more focused on harmonisation and this is the point where I lose interest and where Trance began to have these huge breakdowns in order to get these lush string sections and pads in. I think its a conflict of interest because when a Trance tune breaks down for any significant length of time, you lose that kinetic energy that the song is building up. For that reason I also think that Trance is necessarily progressive.

In terms of harmonisation you should look at some modern compositions such as Ralph Vaughan Williams - The Lark Ascending. This is not characteristic of much of the man's work and it is one of his short peices. His symphonies are very different. The Lark Ascending has several movements which alternate between a solo violin and these wonderful harmonized string sections. The solo violin is played very fast and if you listen to it you can imagine a fledgling Lark trying (and failing) to take flight. It sounds alot like traditional Chinese music based on the Erhu and the time signitures and speed of the performance fit with that idea too. It does sound oriental in a way.

You can try to snatch some of the strings and stick a bassline and bass drum over them but something has to give. An obvious western example of doing this would be Reflekt - Need to Feel Loved which you have probably heard. That song steals the string section from a film called Road to Perdition but if you run it through a spectrum analyser and compare the sound of it to the film soundtrack you realise a few things:

1) Need to Feel Loved is noticeably quieter than most other Positiva tunes.
2) The string section has been band passed filtered and sounds it in order for the bassline and bass drum to fit.
3) If you listen to some of the remixes of this tune (I think Thrillseekers did one) then you may notice that the string section has an even narrower band bass filter on it or more of the string section has been EQed out. This is because many of the remixes have additional lead instruments, bigger kick drums and louder basslines and theres just no way you can fit all of that in without something having to give way.

I completely agree that creating really complex harmonization eats lots of headroom. I'm not saying that it has to be done, merely that it can be (by bandpassing and eq'ing). Sometimes i feel like a track i'm working on could benefit from having one more harmony line, in addition to the bassline and melody, to help fill the track out so that it doesnt feel too open. Much of this has to do with the fact that, in the western world, the focus of music has always been on melody and harmony. Because this is what we hear from a young age we begin to believe that all music must be this way. I also have always connected trance (especially early trance and rave music) with eastern music because, like you said, eastern music is rhythmically based more than melodically or harmonically. Trance, especially early and progressive trance, is also very much like the early minimalist music which focuses more on subtle changes to create an evolving sound to engage the listener, than on a constant barrage of changing harmonization. I believe that modern trance has evolved into something completely different now. The actuall "trance inducing" effect is gone from much of the modern epic sound because focus is now put on large sudden changes rather than the slow subtle changes that used to be there. I'm not saying that one style is better than the other, just that they are different now. I don't know how i ended up where i did, but i'll shut up now.


___________________
quote:
Originally posted by Idoru
I'm cooler than you plus i give better head
i swallow

It is easier for a man to destroy the light inside himself
than to defeat the darkness all around him
www.myspace.com/enigmaticecstasy

Old Post Feb-16-2007 18:12  United States
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michaelconway
Suspended User



Registered: Jun 2004
Location: Daly City , CA

Please excuse my ignorance on music theory, ive been working on sysnthesis for the past couple of months. But I had wanted to ask, Now If I know what notes are in a certian key and I make melodies based on those keyes in that if im doing what "sounds" musicialy fit. Am I doing somthing wrong there? I mean I don't know theory to the point to where i can write full on orchestrial works, but I understand enough where I know what Cm harmonic is and so on. Theory is this year, and its not like i havn't been reading up on it. Im just wondering is there a diffrent way to write melodies for a tune?


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Old Post Feb-16-2007 23:17  United States
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