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wav - flac: no difference possible, only in the case that one decoder has flaws. and flac doesn't leave frequencies out, it is just a mathematical compression process, as with zips
wav - mp3: depending on the material, it is sometimes easily audible. the mp3 encoding process discards high frequencies, time resolution and some of the stereo image. so acoustic percussive material is the best material to tell whats mp3 or wave. or a classical piano piece. in terms of stereo image, just inverse one channel of the file and add the other channel. what you get is the "side signal", and compression is easily audible. same with aac, although aac is slightly better.
vinyl - wav: the main difference is not the medium itself, it's the mastering process and the device which is playing. in theory, wav is much better, especially with 24 bit. 24 bit represent a usable dynamic range of 96-108 dB, sometimes 120 dB, which is INSANE compared to vinyl with its relatively high noise floor. in terms of frequency resolution, a regular 44,1 kHz wav is still technically better, vinyls "only" go up to 17-18 kHz. but the player makes a huge difference, waves/cds need steep lowpass filtering prior to d/a-conversion, which can lead to phase problems. vinyl doesn't have that. then, the ear tends to prefer the sound of the vinyl over the sound of the cd because of the lacking high end, which has no musical content but adds coldth. additionally, 16bit-waves have a usable dynamic range of only 60-72 dB, below that you can easily hear quantisation noise which is (without noise shaping) not pleasing. the noise of a playing vinyl is much more pleasing and adds warmth. the turntable adds slight irregularities in pitch and noise while playing, it is not proved if that is audible but it is possible. and the most important difference comes from the mastering, CDs tend to be overcompressed and multibandcompressed which adds sharpness and flattens the sound, they are sometimes even driven into distortion. distortion is much more seldom on a vinyl because it could destroy the cutting apparatus. and they are mastered for a different audience, so club music might have more bass on the vinyl version because the mastering has to be completely different
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steppenwolf 1
berghain 8 am
rauschharmonie
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