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Old term.. Sampler that doesn't sample int RAM, but has it's waveforms burned into ROM (Read Only Memory)..
Roland Digital Arithemtic, Korg AI & AI2 synthesis, Yamaha AWM are all basically variations on the same theme. Essentially a subtractive synth with smaples as the oscillator waveforms.
This is essentially the same as most samplers, but with a ROMpler you don't record the waveforms, they're preselected for you.
Back in the day (when I were a Lad, pulling out pipe & Slippers) ROMplers were big news, as they offered much more "Realism" than analog and FM synths, and were much cheaper than the very expensive samplers of the time.
Some additional info here are the basic Synth "Families" (Non exhaustive list of examples and sub types!)
Analog Modular - Wall of modules.. Moog, Buchala started mainstream synthesis with these
Analog Subtractive - Mini Moog was the first big one, but 99.99% of Analog synths that are not Modulars fall ino this category. Basically a couple of Modules slung together in a preset or semi-preset way
FM (Frequency Modulation) - Kicked off in a big way with the Yamaha DX family, and subsiquentially developed into AFM and AFM2. These were the first mass produced digital synths.
Additive Synths - Usually digital, but can be anlog (very weird). Use Rise and fall of harmonics over time to generate sound. Examples are Failight ;-), K5, & K5000.
Samplers - See above, but don't forget that some of the higher end samplers are basically full blooded digital synths that happen to play back samples as their oscillators
ROMplers - See above..
VA (Virtual Analog) - Nord Lead started this trend, and is now probabbly the most common type of synth, as it's what most plugins are trying to do.
Wave Table & Vector Synths - Wave Table Oscillators are to be found in the likes of the Waldorf Microwave and Korg Wavestation (Which is loosely based on the Prophet VS), The vecotr part comes from automating the crossfades between multiple osccilators. Great for massive textures, or od Rhythmic stuff.
Digital Modular - Nord Modular, Vaz and Reaktor are examples of the digital incarnations of the original concept. String together modules how you like to make sounds.. Question though. Artura's Moog Modular VSTi is I suppose a Virtual Analog Modular, as opposed to falling into this category
Granular Synths - Only reacently has this got out of the lab due to the wicked cpu overhead, produces some ery cool sounds if treated right. Absynth is a good place to start poking at this
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