|
The Awesome Science Thread (pg. 32)
|
View this Thread in Original format
| JEO |
| I think we can remove the "Awesome" from the thread title if you post one more time, Lagrangian. |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
![]() david duchovny
anyone else from the disinformation agency? |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
DNA Coders
More than with any other sequencer, the idea of “apps” feels relevant to the MinION. Users might easily be amateurs with little or no experience with DNA. Supporting them will be a legion of programmers whose job is to find the fastest way to turn raw signal into something a hospital worker, government agent, or even hobbyist would want to know about a biological sample.
To pave the way for fieldwork with the MinION, Brook Milligan has been working on species identification, testing bacterial samples to see how well he can match them to known genomes. Despite the MinION’s high error rates, he says, his pipeline can reliably tell apart strains of bacteria that are 99.998% genetically identical — one difference for every 50,000 bases — within 30 minutes of running the sequencer.
IoT dudes...make the world a better Place...Like DNA in the Cloud Yo...
http://www.bio-itworld.com/2014/12/...-here-stay.html |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
On Superluminal neutrinos
Four days ago a rumour started circulating in the comments at Resonaances that some “6.1 sigma” signal of new physics had been seen at CERN. I reported it in an update on the Seminar Watch post. There had been a seminar titled “Seminar DG” which was listed on indico and removed the day before it was due. The rumour confirmed that this meeting was rescheduled to Friday but as an update on OPERA, the neutrino experiment which a couple of years ago saw its first tau neutrino. The claim now is that they have measured the speed of muon neutrinos and got a result faster than the speed of light!
This is of course a crazy idea because if true it would violate everything we think we know about causality. Even if neutrinos are hard to detect it should be possible to use them to send information into the past if this result holds up. That does not sound very likely (but I am now setting up a neutrino beam to send the news back in time so that it was actually me who leaked the story) .
Hypothetical superluminal particles are known as tachyons and they always move faster than light because they have imaginary valued mass, but quantum field theories for tachyons have terrible problems. Aside from the causality issues, the vacuum becomes unstable because you can create neutrino pairs with negative energy out of nothing. You would need a very unconventional variation of relativistic quantum field theory to stop the universe degenerating into an instant burst of neutrinos, and we don’t have that.
However this is not the first time that superluminal neutrinos have been reported. Some people claimed that observations of neutrinos arriving before gamma rays from supernovae implied that they are superluminal see http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9712265 . Other people just say that the neutrinos were created before the gamma rays. In fact some “crazy” people believed in superluminal neutrinos well before that. Early attempts to measure the squared mass of the neutrino in the 1990s always seemed to give negative results I have not had time to look back at that old ideas but it may be time to do that.
Experiments at CERN Confirmed a six sigma result that prove superluminosity. Back in 2011.
Source: http://blog.vixra.org/2011/09/19/ca...e-superluminal/
Fast forward to 2015--
The souped-up LHC will smash together protons with combined energies of 13 teraelectronvolts — versus the 8 teraelectronvolts of the previous run: the extra energy will be capable of creating particles that were not possible to make before. Also, this summer, a WIMP detector called the XENON1T experiment, based under Gran Sasso in central Italy is scheduled to go live. It will have a sensitivity 50 times greater than LUX’s, says XENON1T spokesperson Rafael Lang, a particle physicist at Columbia University in New York.
One possibility is neutrinos, particles that interact weakly with other types of matter, a requirement for dark matter. The properties of the three known types of neutrino are not quite right for dark matter. But a hypothetical fourth type — called the ‘sterile’ neutrino, because it would interact even more weakly than its cousins — could be a suitable candidate.
In December 2014, the European Space Agency’s Planck observatory released a map of ancient radiation from the early Universe that all but ruled out the existence of a sterile neutrino with a small mass like the other neutrinos, as did results from the Daya Bay neutrino experiment in China’s Guangdong province.
But back in February 2014, astrophysicist Esra Bülbül of Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and her collaborators reported a mysterious photon signal coming from 73 galaxy clusters (E. Bulbul et al. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.2301; 2014). The photons’ wavelength was consistent with the decay of sterile neutrinos that weigh about 7 kiloelectronvolts — at least 30,000 times heavier than ordinary neutrinos.
Their results, posted on the arXiv repository, unleashed a flurry of proposed mechanisms by which dark matter could have produced the signal. Super-heavy neutrinos would still be light compared with WIMPs. According to conventional theories, this would make them ‘warm’ and they would not be a good fit with models of the Universe’s evolution. But Abazajian says that the early Universe could have produced cold heavy neutrinos, and that these particles could fit with the current best models of galaxy formation, in some cases better than WIMPs (see, for example, K. N. Abazajian Phys. Rev. Lett.112,161303; 2014). “The WIMP miracle does have a theoretical nicety to it,” says Abazajian — but, he adds, a heavy neutrino solves many of the same problems as WIMPs do.
Evidence for a heavy neutrino “would be really revolutionary”, Dodelson says. So far, however, teams that have attempted to reproduce Bülbül’s result have had mixed success.
Another WIMP alternative is the axion, a hypothetical particle proposed in the 1970s. Axions would spontaneously transmute into photons in a magnetic field, providing a means to detect them. Although a few experiments have failed, physicists led by Leslie Rosenberg of the University of Washington in Seattle is currently upgrading the sensitivity of its Axion Dark Matter Experiment. The team says that it will make or break the case for the axion.
http://www.nature.com/news/crunch-t...-matter-1.16757 |
|
|
| 0100306660SAS |
| quote: | Originally posted by Lagrangian
The first realistic attempt to analyze extra-terrestrial civilizations from the point of view of the laws of physics and the laws of thermodynamics was by Russian astrophysicist Nicolai Kardashev. He based his ranking of possible civilizations on the basis of total energy output which could be quantified and used as a guide to explore the dynamics of advanced civilizations:
Type I: this civilization harnesses the energy output of an entire planet.
Type II: this civilization harnesses the energy output of a star, and generates about 10 billion times the energy output of a Type I civilization.
Type III: this civilization harnesses the energy output of a galaxy, or about 10 billion time the energy output of a Type II civilization.
A Type I civilization would be able to manipulate truly planetary energies. They might, for example, control or modify their weather. They would have the power to manipulate planetary phenomena, such as hurricanes, which can release the energy of hundreds of hydrogen bombs. Perhaps volcanoes or even earthquakes may be altered by such a civilization.
A Type II civilization may resemble the Federation of Planets seen on the TV program Star Trek (which is capable of igniting stars and has colonized a tiny fraction of the near-by stars in the galaxy). A Type II civilization might be able to manipulate the power of solar flares.
A Type III civilization may resemble the Borg, or perhaps the Empire found in the Star Wars saga. They have colonized the galaxy itself, extracting energy from hundreds of billions of stars.
http://mkaku.org/home/articles/the-...stellar-travel/ |
the illusions of retards !!!
the universe doesnt work the way your beliefs says it works.
the universe is going to let humans "harvest energy of galaxies"
get a ing hold of your stupidity bro. |
|
|
| 0100306660SAS |
| quote: | Originally posted by Lagrangian
On Superluminal neutrinos
Four days ago a rumour started circulating in the comments at Resonaances that some “6.1 sigma” signal of new physics had been seen at CERN. I reported it in an update on the Seminar Watch post. There had been a seminar titled “Seminar DG” which was listed on indico and removed the day before it was due. The rumour confirmed that this meeting was rescheduled to Friday but as an update on OPERA, the neutrino experiment which a couple of years ago saw its first tau neutrino. The claim now is that they have measured the speed of muon neutrinos and got a result faster than the speed of light!
This is of course a crazy idea because if true it would violate everything we think we know about causality. Even if neutrinos are hard to detect it should be possible to use them to send information into the past if this result holds up. That does not sound very likely (but I am now setting up a neutrino beam to send the news back in time so that it was actually me who leaked the story) .
Hypothetical superluminal particles are known as tachyons and they always move faster than light because they have imaginary valued mass, but quantum field theories for tachyons have terrible problems. Aside from the causality issues, the vacuum becomes unstable because you can create neutrino pairs with negative energy out of nothing. You would need a very unconventional variation of relativistic quantum field theory to stop the universe degenerating into an instant burst of neutrinos, and we don’t have that.
However this is not the first time that superluminal neutrinos have been reported. Some people claimed that observations of neutrinos arriving before gamma rays from supernovae implied that they are superluminal see http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9712265 . Other people just say that the neutrinos were created before the gamma rays. In fact some “crazy” people believed in superluminal neutrinos well before that. Early attempts to measure the squared mass of the neutrino in the 1990s always seemed to give negative results I have not had time to look back at that old ideas but it may be time to do that.
Experiments at CERN Confirmed a six sigma result that prove superluminosity. Back in 2011.
Source: http://blog.vixra.org/2011/09/19/ca...e-superluminal/
Fast forward to 2015--
The souped-up LHC will smash together protons with combined energies of 13 teraelectronvolts — versus the 8 teraelectronvolts of the previous run: the extra energy will be capable of creating particles that were not possible to make before. Also, this summer, a WIMP detector called the XENON1T experiment, based under Gran Sasso in central Italy is scheduled to go live. It will have a sensitivity 50 times greater than LUX’s, says XENON1T spokesperson Rafael Lang, a particle physicist at Columbia University in New York.
One possibility is neutrinos, particles that interact weakly with other types of matter, a requirement for dark matter. The properties of the three known types of neutrino are not quite right for dark matter. But a hypothetical fourth type — called the ‘sterile’ neutrino, because it would interact even more weakly than its cousins — could be a suitable candidate.
In December 2014, the European Space Agency’s Planck observatory released a map of ancient radiation from the early Universe that all but ruled out the existence of a sterile neutrino with a small mass like the other neutrinos, as did results from the Daya Bay neutrino experiment in China’s Guangdong province.
But back in February 2014, astrophysicist Esra Bülbül of Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and her collaborators reported a mysterious photon signal coming from 73 galaxy clusters (E. Bulbul et al. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.2301; 2014). The photons’ wavelength was consistent with the decay of sterile neutrinos that weigh about 7 kiloelectronvolts — at least 30,000 times heavier than ordinary neutrinos.
Their results, posted on the arXiv repository, unleashed a flurry of proposed mechanisms by which dark matter could have produced the signal. Super-heavy neutrinos would still be light compared with WIMPs. According to conventional theories, this would make them ‘warm’ and they would not be a good fit with models of the Universe’s evolution. But Abazajian says that the early Universe could have produced cold heavy neutrinos, and that these particles could fit with the current best models of galaxy formation, in some cases better than WIMPs (see, for example, K. N. Abazajian Phys. Rev. Lett.112,161303; 2014). “The WIMP miracle does have a theoretical nicety to it,” says Abazajian — but, he adds, a heavy neutrino solves many of the same problems as WIMPs do.
Evidence for a heavy neutrino “would be really revolutionary”, Dodelson says. So far, however, teams that have attempted to reproduce Bülbül’s result have had mixed success.
Another WIMP alternative is the axion, a hypothetical particle proposed in the 1970s. Axions would spontaneously transmute into photons in a magnetic field, providing a means to detect them. Although a few experiments have failed, physicists led by Leslie Rosenberg of the University of Washington in Seattle is currently upgrading the sensitivity of its Axion Dark Matter Experiment. The team says that it will make or break the case for the axion.
http://www.nature.com/news/crunch-t...-matter-1.16757 |
you do know that all this bull ^^^ is made up.
there is no proof for any scientific theory.
results from faulty equations, are not credible.
science is circular logic at its finest.
please try to get some help with your delusions. |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
A few years ago, the first lump of plutonium scientists ever made on Earth was removed from display in Berkeley's Lawrence Hall of Science and then forgotten about. Berkeley physicists think they've finally found it again–thankfully before it got thrown out as radioactive waste.
This precious lump of plutonium dates back to 1941. Plutonium doesn't exist naturally on Earth, except in trace amounts. So to study plutonium, scientists first had to make it. Berkeley physicist Glenn Seaborg got access to a newly built cyclotron, where he and his collaborators bombarded uranium with neutrons. The material then decays into the new element of plutonium.
| quote: | It turns out that plutonium created in a cyclotron is very different from most plutonium, which is created inside nuclear reactors and then separated from spent nuclear fuel. That's because this stuff always contains another isotope, plutonium-241.
This is a half-life of just over 14 years and decays into americium-241. So samples of plutonium from nuclear reactors, always contain americium-241 in amounts that grow over time. What's more, Am-241 in turn decays producing gamma rays with an energy of 59 kiloelectron volts. |
http://gizmodo.com/how-the-first-lu...lost-1678325042 |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
source: http://www.dw.de/zwergplanet-ceres-hat-nun-einen-begleiter/a-18217609
Google Translate: Prior to around 4.5 billion years ago our solar system looked very different than it is today. Instead of the eight planets initially a disk of gas and dust turned a cloud, and later to the sun just created. Under the influence of gravity, irregularly shaped lumps of matter clenched together, eventually reached a diameter of a few kilometers. By collisions these lumps grew into so-called protoplanetary.
Only in the environment of Jupiter is another development took place. Whose gravity prevented here the formation of planets. The newly born planetary system was changed by the influence of the sun and on. The heat and the bombardment of charged particles, flinging our central star into space, lost the inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars their volatile gas components. Back remained solid body. While the outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and its moons were rich in water. The space probe DAWN to the researchers provide new insight into how this process between the planets in the inner and in the outer solar system once took place.
 |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
"Osmylated DNA, a novel concept for sequencing DNA Using Nanopores"
| quote: | | Osmylation is the addition of osmium tetroxide bipyridine across the C5–C6 double bond of the pyrimidines. Osmylation adds almost 400% mass to the reactive base, creates a sterically and electronically notably different molecule, labeled 1, compared to the unreactive purines, labeled 0. If osmylated DNA were successfully sequenced, the result would be a sequence of osmylated pyrimidines (1), and purines (0), and not of the actual nucleobases. To solve this problem we studied the osmylation reaction with short oligos and with M13mp18, a long ssDNA, developed a UV–vis assay to measure extent of osmylation, and designed two protocols. Protocol A uses mild conditions and yields |
http://iopscience.iop.org/0957-4484.../134003/article
Observation: I would like to see more studies targeting the channeling charge-hopping mechanism of CHRNA4.Or, why I happen to just quit smoking and quit drinking coffee cold turkey without hiccups while others can't.
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/CHRNA4 |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
"...The dwarf, known as Reticulum 2, is about 98,000 light-years from Earth, making it one of the Milky Way’s closest discovered satellites. But that’s not its most exciting feature. The mini-galaxy seems to be emitting a strong gamma ray signal, a research team concludes in a paper submitted to the journal Physical Review Letters. That’s surprising for a dwarf, since they tend to be mostly devoid of the objects that typically produce gamma rays. While it’s too early to say for sure what the source of the gamma rays is, the authors have tentatively come to a very intriguing conclusion: dark matter annihilation."
"The study’s authors think that Reticulum 2‘s gamma rays are likely produced by colliding dark matter particles. The strong gamma ray signal indicates that it’s unlikely to be the result of other known gamma ray-producing objects, like black holes and pulsars. “Something in the direction of this dwarf galaxy is emitting gamma rays,” said Alex Geringer-Sameth, a postdoctoral research associate in CMU’s Department of Physics and the paper’s lead author. “There’s no conventional reason this galaxy should be giving off gamma rays, so it’s potentially a signal for dark matter.”
"And there’s no doubt that such a gamma ray signal could imply dark matter. “If you see gamma rays in a dwarf galaxy, it would be a good way to make a case that you are seeing dark matter,” Neal Weiner, a particle physicist from New York University who studies dark matter, told the New York Times."
http://arstechnica.com/science/2015...ome-from-wimps/ |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
Engineers used the original material, called two-dimensional carbon phenolic, in the past on the space shuttle to protect it from the rocket flames during launch, on planetary exploration probes and on the 10-inch disc-shaped compression pads on NASA’s Orion spacecraft, which flew in space on its first flight test in December 2014.
| quote: | NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, in collaboration with Bally Ribbon Mills in Bally, Pennsylvania, and San Diego Composites in San Diego, California, for NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD). STMD funded the incremental maturation of the novel technology from investigation of the basic concept through proof-of-concept performance testing in the severe thermal environment expected for Orion's future missions.
The pads are wedged between the crew module and the service module of Orion to support the extreme forces the crew module experiences on launch and ascent into space. Each pad supports approximately 55,000 pounds. That’s the equivalent of withstanding the force of 16 elephants jumping on Orion at the same time. |
| quote: | Arc jets simulate the extreme heat and pressure spacecraft experience when entering a planet’s atmosphere at extreme speeds. The arc jets fire electricity at air particles so fast the particles turn into supersonic plasma. This gives engineers controlled test data on the ground before flight.
In arc jet tests of 3D-MAT, the material withstood impressively high heat fluctuations, temperatures and pressures – consistently better than carbon phenolic, which cracked under the same conditions.
After three years of STMD funding, the team is ready to hand over their research and development efforts to the Orion program for its next mission's development and flight hardware.
"When we first started woven thermal protection systems technology, we felt it had the potential to significantly impact future NASA missions by changing heat shield development from a challenge to overcome into a mission-enabling component,” said Ames' Ethiraj Venkatapathy, chief technologist for the Entry Systems and Technologies Division. “In less than 36 months, we are celebrating this technological achievement and delivering a highly developed, multi-functional material with superior performance to meet Orion's needs as well as to address the critical needs of NASA’s journey to Mars.” |
http://www.nasa.gov/ames/advancemen...game-for-orion/ |
|
|
| Lagrangian |
Scientists know that dark matter exists because it has a gravitational effect on visible objects made of ordinary matter. And they know that there is a lot of it; dark matter is thought to be about five times as prevalent as other matter in the universe. Yet, dark matter has managed to evade detection so far.
Similar to normal matter, dark matter is commonly believed to be composed of particles. Scientists’ current best guess is that these particles are WIMPs: weakly interacting massive particles. These particles would pass right through ordinary matter. That’s because they would interact only through the weak nuclear force—which works only over short distances—and gravity.
It could be that WIMPs are their own antimatter partners. That means that if one dark matter particle meets another dark matter particle, the two could annihilate, leaving behind a host of lighter particles and gamma rays.
It could also be that unstable dark matter particles produce gamma rays as they decay.
The trick will be distinguishing gamma rays produced by dark-matter annihilations from those generated by numerous other sources in the Universe. To differentiate between the two, researchers have established a set of four guidelines:
Supersymmetry predicts that WIMP annihilations will create gamma rays of particular wavelengths, distinct from those generated by other sources such as black holes or supernovae.
Dark-matter annihilations should produce gamma rays exclusively, ruling out interactions that involve other forms of radiation.
These signals should appear to GLAST not as point sources, but as large patches in the sky - some nearly twice as big as the full Moon.
These streams of gamma rays should be continuous, a marked difference from the fleeting explosions of gamma-ray bursts, which last only a few milliseconds to several minutes.
If scientists find a signal with all of these characteristics, chances are good that they have found a source of WIMP annihilation.
Dark matter annihilations could also produce almost massless particles called neutrinos. Experiments that search for signs of dark matter in neutrinos use the sun as a dark matter detector. WIMPs could get gravitationally trapped in the center of the massive star. Once the density of WIMPs there became large enough, they could annihilate and produce neutrinos.
Scientists use observatories such as ANTARES under the Mediterranean Sea, the Lake Baikal Neutrino Telescope in Russia, Super-Kamiokande in Japan and IceCube at the South Pole to look for such an event.
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/dark_matter.html
http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/april-2015/seeing-dark-matter-without-seeing |
|
|
|
|
